Letâ€™s say a cell has arrested in the cell cycle due to a chromosome being temporarily...

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Biology

Letâ€™s say a cell has arrested in the cell cycle due to achromosome being temporarily unable to attach to the microtubulesof the mitotic spindle.
(a) At what stage of the cell cycle is the cellarrested?Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"Prophase\", \"Metaphase\",\"Prometaphase\", \"Anaphase\"] Â Â Â Â
(b) For each of the factors listed below, decide if the factorwould be present in such a cell.
p21Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"PRESENT\", \"NOT PRESENT\"]Â Â Â Â
M-cyclinÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [ Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"PRESENT\", \"NOT PRESENT\"] Â Â Â Â
CdkÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"PRESENT\", \"NOT PRESENT\"]Â Â Â Â
SecurinÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"PRESENT\", \"NOT PRESENT\"]Â Â Â Â
SeparaseÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [ Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"PRESENT\", \"NOT PRESENT\"] Â Â Â Â
APC/CÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"PRESENT\", \"NOT PRESENT\"]Â Â Â Â
G1 cyclinÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [ Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"PRESENT\", \"NOT PRESENT\"] Â Â Â Â
(c) Now letâ€™s say that the chromosome finally does attachcorrectly to the spindle, so that all of the chromosomes have nowachieved proper biorientation and congression to the metaphaseplate. Make the correct selections to fill in the blanks regardingthe molecular events that lead to sister chromatid separation:
ProperÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"Motor protein activity\",\"Balance\", \"Ndc80 phosphorylation\", \"Tension\"] Â Â Â Â Â Â on all of the kinetochores causes thespindle assembly checkpoint protein,Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [ Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"Cdc20\", \"Aurora B\", \"Mad2\", \"Ndc80\"] Â Â Â Â Â Â , to be inactivated.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [ Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"APC/C\", \"APC/C-Cdh1\", \"APC/C-Cdc20\",\"SCF\"] Â Â Â Â Â Â can nowubiquitinateÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [ Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"separase\", \"securin\", \"M-cyclin\", \"S-cyclin\"] Â Â Â Â Â Â , which is then degraded bytheÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"Lysosome\", \"Acidhydrolases\", \"ECM protease\", \"Proteasome\"] Â Â Â Â Â Â , thereby releasingactiveÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"Microtubules\", \"Motorproteins\", \"Separase\", \"Cohesin\"] Â Â Â Â Â Â , which cleaves theÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [ Select ] Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â [\"Cohesin\", \"Condensin\", \"Microtubules\", \"Ndc80proteins\"] Â Â Â Â Â Â that was holdingthe sister chromatids together.

Answer & Explanation Solved by verified expert

4.4 Ratings (853 Votes)

The stage at which the cycle is arrested is the prometaphase It is this phase of mitosis that is characterised by the attachment of chromosomes in form of kinetochores to attach to the kinetochore microtubules For the factors give p21 is protein involved in association to the p53 that are involved in the arresting of cell cyle in the in cause of DNA damage cause See Answer

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