- Know the different processes of Eukaryotic Regulation (i.e. Chromatin Structure, Transcriptional regulation.

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Biology

- Know the different processes of Eukaryotic Regulation (i.e.Chromatin Structure, Transcriptional regulation.

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Regulation of Transcription in EukaryotesAlthough the control of gene expression is far more complex ineukaryotes than in bacteria the same basic principles apply Theexpression of eukaryotic genes is controlled primarily at the levelof initiation of transcription although in some casestranscription may be attenuated and regulated at subsequent stepsAs in bacteria transcription in eukaryotic cells is controlled byproteins that bind to specific regulatory sequences and modulatethe activity of RNA polymerase The intricate task of regulatinggene expression in the many differentiated cell types ofmulticellular organisms is accomplished primarily by the combinedactions of multiple different transcriptional regulatory proteinsIn addition the packaging of DNA into chromatin and itsmodification by methylation impart further levels of complexity tothe control of eukaryotic gene expressionGo tocisActing Regulatory Sequences Promoters and EnhancersAs already discussed transcription in bacteria is regulated bythe binding of proteins to cisacting sequences eg thelac operator that control the transcription of adjacentgenes Similar cisacting sequences regulate theexpression of eukaryotic genes These sequences have beenidentified in mammalian cells largely by the use of gene transferassays to study the activity of suspected regulatory regions ofcloned genes Figure 618 The eukaryotic regulatory sequences areusually ligated to a reporter gene that encodes an easilydetectable enzyme The expression of the reporter gene followingits transfer into cultured cells then provides a sensitive assayfor the ability of the cloned regulatory sequences to directtranscription Biologically active regulatory regions can thus See Answer

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