Interpreting ANOVA

(Please use the attached document, bold the questions, andinclude your answers in non-bolded font).

An Industrial Organizational psychologist is interested inexamining the relative effectiveness of three leadership styles onworker productivity. A sample of N = 15 assembly line workers isobtained. These individuals are randomly assignment to each of thethree leadership conditions: Authoritarian, Democratic, andDelegative. The number of units workers produced in a 10-hour shiftis recorded. The data are as follows:

ANOVA

Productivity

	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
Between Groups	329.200	2	164.600	159.290	.000
Within Groups	12.400	12	1.003
Total	341.600	14

Multiple Comparisons

Productivity

Tukey HSD

					95% Confidence Interval
(I) Leadership	(J) Leadership	Mean Difference (I-J)	Std. Error	Sig.	Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Authoritative	Democratic	-10.40000*	.64291	.000	-12.1152	-8.6848
	Delegative	-9.40000*	.64291	.000	-11.1152 -	7.6848
Democratic	Authoritative	10.40000*	.64291	.000	8.6848	12.1152
	Delegative	1.00000	.64291	.301	-.7152	2.7152
Delegative	Authoritative	9.40000*	.64291	.000	7.6848	11.1152
	Democratic	-1.00000	.64291	.301	-2.7152	.7152

*The mean difference is significant at the 0.05level.

a. Why is the one-way ANOVA, rather than the independent samplest test, appropriate for this study?

b. Study the table and comment on whether the means for thethree leadership styles differ significantly. In other words, doesleadership style influence worker productivity? Explain.

c. In terms of these data, discuss why it is appropriate toconduct post hoc tests after the initial analysis of variance?Under what circumstances would it be inappropriate to conduct posthoc tests after performing a one-way ANOVA?

d. Discuss what these post hoc tests tell you that you could notdetermine from the initial analysis of variance. e. Using theinformation in the tables above, write an APA style resultssection.