Instructions:

• Show all work, including every calculation and everyformula, with proper symbols. Formulas must be those used in therequired textbook for the course.
• Use the t-table in your book to find the critical tvalue(s).
• Calculators are fine; computer software of any kind isNOT. (You are welcome to use SPSS to check your work, but allvalues generated/reported below must come from hand calculations orthe t table in your book.)

A therapist was interested in determining whether patientsexperiences reduced anxiety following diaphragmatic breathingexercises. She includes 9 participants in her brief study. Eachpatient provides a rating for current anxiety, on a scale of 1(least anxiety) to 10 (extreme anxiety). She then instructs them ona 45-minute diaphragmatic breathing exercise. Following theexercise, each patient again rates his/her anxiety on the same 1-10scale. (Note that this is a repeated measures study because eachpatient/participant is measured twice, once before the treatmentand once after the treatment.)

Patient	Before treatment	After treatment
A	8	7
B	7	5
C	6	6
D	7	6
E	9	7
F	8	5
G	5	4
H	9	4
I	7	4

1. Can the therapist conclude that there was a significant changein anxiety levels after treatment? Use a two-tailed test with α =.05. (Note that you will need to use – and clearly show –all 4 steps of hypothesis testing to answer thisquestion.)

1. Compute the value of r² (percentage of varianceaccounted for) for these data.

1. Write a sentence showing how the outcome of the hypothesis testand the measure of effect size would appear in a research report(i.e., in APA format). Note that you can find anexample of APA format for a repeated measures t-test both in yourbook, in the “In the Literature” section of chapter 11, and in theexample I provided in this week’s resources. APA format is slightlydifferent depending on the type of test used, so be sure to lookfor an example of a repeated-measures t-test!