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1. In passive processes, substances move _________ theirconcentration gradient from a ______ concentration to a __________,until they reach equilibrium.
2. Substances move across membranes based on what two chemicalproperties as discussed in class?
3. If the answer to #2 above prevents a substance from crossingthe membrane, what may allow it to cross?
4.   What kind of particles cross the membrane in simplediffusion?________________________. What two dissolved gassesdiffuse through the cell membrane? _________________________

1. Facilitated Diffusion relies on ___________ and _________proteins. These proteins exhibit specificity, meaning they are__________________________.
2. What type of channel proteins are always open?_________________. What type open with an electrical signal?_____________________________.
3. Osmosis is a passive process, meaning water molecules move________ their concentration gradient from a _________ to___________ concentration towards _____________.
4. Osmolarity is simply   ___________________. Osmosisoccurs when: __________ _____________________________________.
5. If two solutions of different solute concentration areseparated by a membrane, and the membrane is impermeable to thesolute, water will move towards the solution with a ___________solute concentration until the water concentration is ________ onboth sides.
6. A _____________ solution has a solute concentration equal tothat inside the cell. Water moves _______________the cell. A__________ solution has a solute concentration greater than insidethe cell, and water moves ___________ the cell. A ____________solution has a solute concentration less than inside the cell, andwater moves _____________ the cell.
7. Filtration relies on __________ to force substances acrossmembranes. In capillaries, this will take the form of________________ or blood pressure.