In a behavioral medicine study, Cease, Now, AndLive-Longer(2017) found that there was a difference ineffectiveness of using rapid smoking as a treatment of smokingcessation as compared to a control method. They found thatparticipants smoked less after receiving the rapid smokingtreatment as compared to those participants in a control condition.Cease et al. (2017) had reviewed considerable research on othertreatments for smoking cessation. For example, there is the use ofnicotine replacement therapy and the use of pharmacotherapy likeChantix to treat smoking behavior. These methods have been shown tobe effective in reducing or eliminating smoking behavior. There isa need to compare behavioral based smoking cessation treatmentswith other types of smoking cessation treatments like NRT andpharmacothearpy. To this end, the research term of Patch-It,Puff-It And Stop-it(2018) have designed a new study of compare theeffectiveness of smoking cessation treatments.

Patch-it et al. (2018) designed a study that used threeconditions to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessationtreatments. They used the rapid smoking condition that was used inthe Cease et al. (2017) study. In the rapid smoking condition, theparticipants deeply inhaled on a cigarette every six seconds thatwas repeated for six cigarettes smoked. There were no rest periodsbetween cigarettes. In another condition nicotine replacementstherapy was used. The researchers used a patch with 14 mg ofnicotine to be worn for 16 hours a day during the treatment phaseof the study. A control condition was used where participants puffa sham cigarette at the same rate and duration as the rapid smokingcondition.

Patch-it et al. (2018) recruited a large pool of collegestudent smokers, who had reported to smoke for at least one yearand expressed a desire to quit completely. From this pool ofpotential participants, 30 smokers were randomly selected toparticipate. With informed consent, the smokers agreed toparticipate in the study. Ten smokers(10) were randomly assigned tothe rapid smoking condition (RAPID SMOKING). The two treatmentconditions and control condition lasted for two weeks(14Days).

A measure of cigarette use was taken at two months afterthe treatment program was ended. These days were recorded as theaverage daily number (rounded to a whole number) of reportedcigarettes (CIGARETTES) smoked during a period of seven days. Thesedata were obtained from daily logs submitted by theparticipants.

CONTROL 10 16 20 16 19 15 15 14 16 11

RAPID SMOKING 13 4 12 11 6 6 11 12 12 12

PATCH 14 MG 10 4 4 7 7 4 2 8 10 10

2. State the statistical hypothesis to be used in the dataanalysis (notation and words).