Iconic memory is a type of memory that holds visual information for about half a second...

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Iconic memory is a type of memory that holds visual informationfor about half a second (0.5 seconds). To demonstrate this type ofmemory, participants were shown three rows of four letters for 50milliseconds. They were then asked to recall as many letters aspossible, with a 0-, 0.5-, or 1.0-second delay before responding.Researchers hypothesized that longer delays would result in poorerrecall. The number of letters correctly recalled is given in thetable.

Delay Before Recall

0

0.5

1

10

10

7

4

4

4

9

6

2

11

5

4

6

3

3

8

8

4

(a) Complete the F-table. (Round your values forMS and F to two decimal places.)

Source of Variation

SS

df

MS

F

Between groups

Within groups (error)

Total


(b) Compute Tukey's HSD post hoc test and interpret the results.(Assume alpha equal to 0.05. Round your answer to two decimalplaces.)

The critical value is_____ for each pairwise comparison.


Which of the comparisons had significant differences? (Select allthat apply.)

-Recall following no delay was significantly different fromrecall following a half second delay.

-The null hypothesis of no difference should be retained becausenone of the pairwise comparisons demonstrate a significantdifference.

-Recall following a half second delay was significantlydifferent from recall following a one second delay.

-Recall following no delay was significantly different fromrecall following a one second delay.

Answer & Explanation Solved by verified expert
4.4 Ratings (694 Votes)

(a)

ANOVA
SOURCE SS DF MS F
BETWEEN groups 48.00 2 24 4.39
WITHIN groups(ERROR) 82.00 15 5.47
TOTAL 130.00 17
within SS between SS
Group nj mean(xj-) s2 nj*xj- (n-1)s2 (xj--x-) nj(xj--x-)2
0 6 8 6.8 48 34 2 24
0.5 6 6 6.8 36 34 0 0
1 6 4 2.8 24 14 -2 24
sum 18 18 16.4 108 82 0 48
grand mean(x-) 6

(b1)The critical value is 3.89  for each pairwise comparison

Since the number of replication for each of the treatments is equal=6, so critical value for each pairwise comparison will be same.

Tukey HSD= q*sqrt((MSE/2)*(1/n1+1/n2)= 3.89
q(0.05, 3,15)= 4.08
MSE= 5.47
n1= 6
n2= 6

(b2) right choice is last

Recall following no delay was significantly different from recall following a one second delay.

pair wise difference HSD Remarks
0-0.5 2 3.89 non significant
0-1 4 3.89 significant
0.5-1 2 3.89 non significant

since difference between 0 and 1 is more than HSD, so these pairwise comparison is significantly different to each other


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