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Treatment
Mental health care and treatment
In the context of national efforts to develop and implementmental health policy, it is vital to not only protect and promotethe mental well-being of its citizens, but also address the needsof persons with defined mental disorders.
Knowledge of what to do about the escalating burden of mentaldisorders has improved substantially over the past decade. There isa growing body of evidence demonstrating both the efficacy andcost-effectiveness of key interventions for priority mentaldisorders in countries at different levels of economic development.Examples of interventions that are cost-effective, feasible, andaffordable include:
treatment of depression with psychological treatment and, formoderate to severe cases, antidepressant medicines;
treatment of psychosis with antipsychotic medicines andpsychosocial support;
taxation of alcoholic beverages and restriction of theiravailability and marketing.
A range of effective measures also exists for the prevention ofsuicide, prevention and treatment of mental disorders in children,prevention and treatment of dementia, and treatment ofsubstance-use disorders. The mental health Gap Action Programme(mhGAP) has produced evidence based guidance for non-specialists toenable them to better identify and manage a range of prioritymental health conditions.
- Prevention
How does prevention link tomental health?
Mental health prevention, or ‘publicmental health’, is often used to refer to efforts to stop mentalhealth problems before they emerge. However, it's important to notethat it can also be used to refer to work that supports people withand without mental health problems to stay well.
There are several different types ofpreventative approaches, which can be applied together to enablecommunities to protect everyone as well as give targeted support tothose most at-risk. The different kinds of prevention approachescan be defined as3,4
Primary prevention: stoppingmental health problems before they start
Stopping mental health problems beforethey occur and promoting good mental health for all. Often primaryprevention work is ‘universal’ in that it targets and benefitseveryone in a community, for example anti-stigma campaigns such asMental Health Awareness Week or mental health literacyprogrammes.
Secondary prevention:supporting those at higher risk of experiencing mental healthproblems
Supporting those at higher risk ofmental health problems (either because of biologicalcharacteristics they are born with or experiences they have had) byproviding targeted help and support. This type of prevention isoften called “selective†or “targeted†prevention. Examples includeprogrammes which support those who have experienced trauma or beenvictims of hate crime.
Tertiary prevention: helpingpeople living with mental health problems to stay well
Supporting those with mental healthproblems to stay well and have a good quality of life. These typesof programmes often focus on those already affected by mentalhealth problems and can aim to reduce symptoms that can bedisabling, limit complications, and empower people experiencingproblems to manage their own symptoms as much as possible. Tertiaryprevention is seen as distinct, but complementary to treatment formental health problems and is often carried out in community,rather than clinical, settings.
