(i) Describe the phenomenon of functional sequence variation using antibodies that can bind to a range of...

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Biology

(i) Describe the phenomenon of functional sequence variationusing
antibodies that can bind to a range of different antigens. (ii)Explain the process of domain shuffling in
protein evolution and give an example of how this process cangenerate proteins with novel functio

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i With the passage of time after immunization there is usually a progressive increase in the affinity of the antibodies produced against the immunizing antigen This phenomenon known as affinity maturation is due to the accumulation of point mutations specifically in both heavychain and lightchain Vregion coding sequences The mutations occur long after the coding regions have been assembled when B cells are stimulated by antigen and helper T cells to generate memory cells in a lymphoid follicle in a peripheral lymphoid organ They occur at the rate of about one per Vregion coding sequence per cell generation Because this is about a million times greater than the spontaneous mutation rate in other genes the process is called somatic hypermutation The molecular See Answer

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