1. Hemoglobin is the protein found in red blood cells thattransports oxygen from your lungs to your cells. Below is a segmentof the DNA sequence that codes for a normal hemoglobin protein (theentire gene is much longer). Using the DNA sequence provided,transcribe the sequence into mRNA. Use the bottom strand as thecoding strand.

5’ A C T G C C C A T G G T G C A C C T G A C T C C T G A G G A G3’

3’ T G A C G G G T A C C A C G T G G A C T G A G G A C T C C T C5’

5`-CUC CUC AGG AGU CAG GUG CAC CAU GGG CAG U-3`

1. For hemoglobin, translate the mRNA strand from step 5to the correct amino acid sequence. Make sure to start translationonly after reaching the start codon.

Leu-Leu-Arg-Ser-Gln-Val-His-His-Gly-Gln

1. Sickle cell disease is a symptom of a genetic mutationthat alters the structure of the hemoglobin protein. This mutationdecreases the function of hemoglobin so it does not transportoxygen efficiently. Below is a segment of the DNA sequence thatcodes for a sickle cell hemoglobin protein (the entire gene is muchlonger). Using the DNA sequence provided, transcribe the sequenceinto mRNA. Use the bottom strand as the codingstrand.

5’ A C T G C C C A T G G T G C A C C T G A C T C C T G T G G A G3’

3’ T G A C G G G T A C C A C G T G G A C T G A G G A C A C C T C5’

3'- GAG GTG TCC TCA GTC CAC GTG GTA CCC GTC A-5'

5'-CUC CAC AGG AGU CAG GUG CAC CAU GGG CAG U-3'

1. For sickle cell hemoglobin, translate the mRNA strandfrom step 7 to the correct amino acid sequence. Make sure to starttranslation only after reaching the start codon.

This is the translation from mRna his-arg- ser- gln- Val- his- his- gly- gln

1. Compare the two DNA template strands from step 5 andstep 7. Compare the sequences and identify the sickle-cellmutation. How many and what nucleotides changed due to themutation?

1. Compare the two mRNA strands from step 5 and step 7.Compare the sequences and identify the sickle-cell mutation. Howmany and what codons changed due to the mutation?

1. Compare the two amino acid strands from step 6 and step8. Compare the sequences and identify the sickle-cell mutation. Howmany and what amino acids changed due to themutation?