Explain how the kinetic theory of gases can be applied to measure effusion rates?

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Electrical Engineering

Explain how the kinetic theory of gases can be appliedto measure effusion rates?

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The experimental observations about the behavior of gasesdiscussed so far can be explained with a simple theoretical modelknown as the kinetic molecular theory This theoryis based on the following postulates or assumptionsGases are composed of a large number of particles that behavelike hard spherical objects in a state of constant randommotionThese particles move in a straight line until they collide withanother particle or the walls of the containerThese particles are much smaller than the distance betweenparticles Most of the volume of a gas is therefore emptyspaceThere is no force of attraction between gas particles orbetween the particles and the walls of the containerCollisions between gas particles or collisions with the wallsof the container are perfectly elastic None of the energy of a gasparticle is lost when it collides with another particle or with thewalls of the containerThe average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particlesdepends on the temperature of the gas and nothing elseThe assumptions behind the kinetic molecular theory can beillustrated with the apparatus shown in the figure below whichconsists of a glass plate surrounded by walls mounted on top ofthree vibrating motors A handful of steel ball bearings are placedon top of the glass plate to represent the gas particlesWhen the motors are turned on the glass plate vibrates whichmakes the ball bearings move in a constant random fashionpostulate 1 Each ball moves in a straight line until it collideswith another ball or with the walls of the container postulate 2Although collisions are frequent the average distance between theball bearings is much larger than the diameter of the ballspostulate 3 There is no force of attraction between theindividual ball bearings or between the ball bearings and the wallsof the container postulate 4The collisions that occur in this apparatus are very differentfrom those that occur when a rubber ball is dropped on the floorCollisions between the rubber ball and the floor See Answer

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