Examine the following abstract:

“In this study, we investigate the behavior of new nano ZrO2 andAl2O3-13 wt.% TiO2 thermal sprayed coatings on commercially pure(cp)-Ti (grade 4) and titanium alloy substrates. Friction and weartests against Al2O3 balls showed that the wear resistance ofAl2O3-13 wt.% TiO2 is better than that ZrO2 coating. Both plasmasprayings have similar abrasive wear behavior; however, the averagefriction coefficient is higher for alumina-titania coating.Electrochemical tests, open circuit potential monitoring andpotentiodynamic polarization, were performed in simulated bodyconditions (Hank's solution, 37 degrees C). Results showed thatcorrosion resistance was appreciably higher for alumina-titaniacoating.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARDMATERIALS 28(1):115-120 Jan 2010

a) What is the purpose (purposes) of these nano ZrO2 andAl2O3-13 wt% TiO2 coatings on CP Ti and Ti alloys?

b) If these materials were used as a femoral stem, would theresults of wear tests be important? What if these were coating forthe femoral head?

c) What would be the ideal, long-term outcome of this coated Tiwhen used as a femoral stem? Please describe the key features ofthe implant that are critical to its success. (Be sure your answerincludes responses to the following questions: What is its physicalshape, does it have porosity or roughness, how do you intend thetissue around the implant to interact with the implant?)