Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated as an environmental trigger to induce autoimmune diseases, including systemic...

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Biology

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated as an environmentaltrigger to induce autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupuserythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and rheumatoidarthritis (RA). Outline 3 possible immunological mechanisms toexplain the association of this viral infection with thoseautoimmune diseases.

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1 Viral mechanisms Infection and Immortalization of Autoreactive Bcells EBV infects Bcells by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein 350 to the Bcell complement receptor 2 CD21 Infection of naive Bcells leads to the expression of nine virally encoded proteins EBNA 16 and three LMPs and the expression pattern is referred as the latency III program Infected cells enter the germinal center GC in the tonsil and change their viral transcription program to express only EBNA1 LMP1 and LMP2 latency II LMP1 acts as a signal that comes from the CD40 signal transduction pathway initiated by CD4 Tcells whereas LMP2A mimics a constitutively activated Bcell receptor LMP1 and LMP2A assist infected naive Bcells in the GC process and help EBV to gain access to the memory See Answer

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