During countercurrent multiplication, water is reabsorbed intothe blood from the descending limb of the loop of Henle because

a. NaCl is transported out of the ascending limb

b. It is co-transported with Na+

c. Na+ is reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule

d. Glucose is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule

e. Cl- is secreted into the distal convoluted tubule

2. A low salt (NaCl) diet is recommended for individuals withhigh blood pressure because

a. salt is the main cause of high blood pressure, so it needs tobe consumed in low amounts.

b. extra Na+ in the diet causes blood vessels to stiffen whichraises blood pressure over time

c. water follows Na+ and excess salt in the body will increasewater retention and blood volume and thus, blood pressure

d. excess salt will force water into cells which may interruptcell function or cause damage

e. excess salt will accumulate in blood vessels and block bloodflow to tissues

3. To compensate for a state of acidosis, the kidney will

a. Increase H+ reabsorption to the blood

b. Slow metabolic production of acids like CO2

c. Slow the production of bicarbonate by tubular epithelialcells

d. Inhibit reabsorption of bicarbonate to the blood

e. Secrete H+ to the filtrate to be excreted

4. Chemical buffers

a. Only buffer the intracellular fluid and urine.

b. Eliminate excess acids or bases from the body.

c. Induce hypoventilation in response to abnormal carbon dioxidelevels in the blood.

d. Only buffer the extracellular fluid.

e. temporarily tie up carbon dioxide or hydrogen ions until thelungs or kidneys are able to expel them from the body.