Discuss bullying behavior throughout development. Be sure toinclude:
-Criteria for behavior to be considered bullying
- The different forms and functions of aggressive bullyingbehavior
- Risk factors for a child to become a bully, as well as avictim
- The effects or consequences of bullying/being bullied
- What bullying looks like at each stage in development
- Any changes/developments in bullying/aggressive behavior thatoccur as children progress from preschool into middle childhood,adolescence, and into adulthood.
Responses must be essay form and please follow theinstructions the information provided below helps to answer thequestions .
> Criteria for behavior to be considered bullying
Bullying is defined as negative actions that could be physical,verbal or relational. They have hostile intent, cause distress tothe victim, are repeated and involve power imbalance between bullyand the victim.
> The different form and functions of aggressive bullyingbehavior
- Physical confrontation
- Aggressive physical behavior like hitting, kicking,pushing
-Verbal behavior like name calling, threatening.
- Teasing
- Humiliation to more indirect ways of victimization such asspreading rumors or exclusion from the group or socialmarginalization of the victim.
- Sexually like making sexual comments or gestures
- Electronically like texting, emailing or cyberbullying
> Risk factors for a child to become a bully
- Witnessing or experiencing abuse
- Parents who do not establish rules for their children andprovide inadequate supervision
- Craving power
- being bullied by their siblings
- Exhibiting low frustration tolerance
- low self -esteem
- Unable to empathize
- Aggressive behavior and using physical strength tointimidate
> Risk factors to become a victim
- Submissive in nature
- low self-esteem
- Experiencing abuse in the past
- Anxious or always scared in nature
- unable to express
- Family characteristics also defines child's behavior
> Effects of Bullying/being bullied
Bullying impacts not only the victim but also the bully himself.It affects their mental health and can also lead to substance abuseand suicide. It may further cause anxiety, depression or any suchpsychological issues.
> What bullying looks like at each stage in development
- Bullying during Preschool years is mostly physical andchildren tend to hit, bite, pinch or kick each other and usuallyit's not intentional. Aggression and aggressive behavior are due toimpulsivity and the inability to regulate their emotions and areunaware how to express and communicate themselves.
- Bullying during school age includes verbal bullying liketaunts or saying mean comments and physical bullying among youngage students and social exclusion is also observed.
- Bullying during preteens and teens is relational aggression.Rumor spreading, emotional and electronic bullying is highlyobserved and it may lead to sexual harassment.
> Any changes/developments in bullying/aggressive behaviorthat occur as children progress from preschool into middlechildhood, adolescence, and into adulthood.
It may lead to aggressive behavioral problems, It can also leadto antisocial behavior in later life. It majorly affects theirpsychological health and at times behavioral as well.
