Described below are three independent and unrelated situationsinvolving accounting changes. Each change occurs during 2018 beforeany adjusting entries or closing entries are prepared.

a. On December 30, 2014, Rival Industries acquired its officebuilding at a cost of $9,600,000. It has been depreciated on astraight-line basis assuming a useful life of 30 years and noresidual value. Early in 2018, the estimate of useful life wasrevised to 18 years in total with no change in residual value.

b. At the beginning of 2014, the Hoffman Group purchased officeequipment at a cost of $576,000. Its useful life was estimated tobe 8 years with no residual value. The equipment has beendepreciated by the sum-of-the-years’-digits method. On January 1,2018, the company changed to the straight-line method.

c. At the beginning of 2018, Jantzen Specialties, which uses thesum-of-the-years’-digits method, changed to the straight-linemethod for newly acquired buildings and equipment. The changeincreased current year net income by $565,000.

Required: For each change: 1. Identify the type of change. 2.Prepare any journal entry necessary as a direct result of thechange as well as any adjusting entry for 2018 related to thesituation described. (Ignore income tax effects.)