Describe three ways by which one maximize O2 uptake across the respiratory surface? How do cardiac muscle...

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Medical Sciences

Describe three ways by which one maximize O2 uptake across therespiratory surface?
How do cardiac muscle and brain tissue override the effect ofstrong sympathetic stimulation in order to prevent ischemia?
Crocodiles are an endless source of fascination for peoplebecause they are one of the few animals which can still get thebetter of us. Justify this statement.
Describe the challenges and adaptations of aquatic and airbreathing vertebrates. What challenges did they have to face? Howdid they solve the problems?

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Ans The three ways by which one can maximize O2 uptake across their respiratory surfaces Since large animals unable to maintain an exchange of gases by diffusion process across their outer surface They developed a variety of respiratory surfaces that increases the surface area for gaseous exchange in larger bodies A respiratory surface is covered with thin moist epithelial cells that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide These gases can only cross cell membranes when they are dissolved in water or an aqueous solution so that the respiratory surface can be kept moist 1 Skin and Gills Earthworms and amphibians use their skin integumentary system for respiration while Pisces kingdomfish uses their gills for respiration 2 Tracheal Systems Insect uses the tracheal system for their respiration which consists of a network of small tubes that carries oxygen to the entire body Blood does not play a role in respiration in arthropodsinsects 3 Mammalian Systems In mammals pulmonary ventilation occurs via inhalation breathing to bring air into the lungs infoldings of the throat or body surface that enclose respiratory surfaces Cardiac muscle and brain tissue override the effect of strong sympathetic stimulation in order to prevent ischemia The sympathetic nervous system is the component of the ANS that is responsible for controlling the human bodys reaction to situations of stress or See Answer

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