Describe the three contemporary theories on motivation discussed in this chapter. Which theory do you feel...

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General Management

Describe the three contemporary theories on motivationdiscussed in this chapter. Which theory do you feel is mosteffective?

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The early management scholars laid a foundation that enabled managers to better understand their workers and how best to motivate them Since then new theories have given us an even better understanding of worker motivation Four of these theories are explained in this section the expectancy theory the equity theory the goalsetting theory and reinforcement theory Expectancy Theory One of the bestsupported and most widely accepted theories of motivation is expectancy theory which focuses on the link between motivation and behavior According to expectancy theory the probability of an individual acting in a particular way depends on the strength of that individuals belief that the act will have a particular outcome and on whether the individual values that outcome The degree to which an employee is motivated depends on three important relationships The link between effort and performance or the strength of the individuals expectation that a certain amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance The link between performance and outcome or the strength of the expectation that a certain level of performance will lead to a particular outcome The link between outcomes and individual needs or the degree to which the individual expects the anticipated outcome to satisfy personal needs Some outcomes have more valence or value for individuals than others do Equity theory Another contemporary explanation of motivation equity theory is based on individuals perceptions about how fairly they are treated compared with their coworkers Equity means justice or fairness and in the workplace it refers to employees perceived fairness of the way they are treated and the rewards they earn For example imagine that after graduation you were offered a job that paid 55000 a year and had great benefits Youd probably be ecstatic even more so if you discovered that the coworker in the next cubicle was making 45000 for the same job But what if that same colleague were making 59000 for the same job Youd probably think it unfair particularly if the coworker had the same qualifications and started at the same time as you did Your determination of the fairness of the situation would depend on how you felt you compared to the other person or referent Employees evaluate their own outcomes eg salary benefits in relation to their inputs eg number of hours worked education and training and then See Answer

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