Describe the structure and function of the chloroplast and mitochondrion. Include in your answer: a. a...

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Biology

Describe the structure and function of the chloroplast andmitochondrion. Include in your answer: a. a description of eachcompartment, the membranes, and the localized activities of bothorganelles b. the special properties of chlorophyll and themechanism of action of the light harvesting complex in thechloroplast c. the sequences of events in both electron transportchains from electron sources to the electron sinks and the roles ofNADH and NADPH

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CHOLOROPLASTS These are greenish plastids that possessphotosynthetic pigments chlorophylls and carotenoids and take partin food synthesis in plants Majority of these are found inmesophylls of leaves These vary in size shape and numberSize thickness of 24 nanometer and length of 5 to 10nanometerShape may be spherical lens shaped oval discoid or ribbonshapedNumber number varies from one per cell in chlamydomonas to2040 per cell in mesophyllThese are double membrane bound organelle and have an outer andan inner membrane Inner membrane is relatively less permeable tosubstances than outer membrane and hence have more proteinincluding carrier proteins The space enclosed by the innermembrane of chloroplast is called as the stroma Stoma contains alarge number of organized flattened membranous sacs calledthalakoids that are arranged in stalk like piles of coins calledgrana singular granum or the intergranal thalakoidThe thalakoids of different grana are connected by flatmembranous tubules called stroma lamelle The membrane of thalakoidenclose a space called lumen The stroma of chloroplast containsenzymes required for carbohydrate and protein synthesis It alsocontains small double stranded DNA molecules and ribsomes Theribosomes of chloroplasts are 70S and smaller than cytoplasmicribosomes that are 80SFunctions The chloroplasts perform various functions likephotosynthesis light reaction in thalakoid and dark reaction inthe stroma and See Answer

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