Describe the principles of diffusion and osmosis across cell membranes and how organisms maintain an optimal...

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Biology

Describe the principles of diffusion and osmosis across cellmembranes and how organisms maintain an optimal internal fluidenvironment. Can you please talk about:
a. the mechanisms by which freshwater paramecia rid their bodiesof excess water
b. how invertebrates maintain osmotic balance and waste removalusing four invertebrate types as examples: flatworms, annelid
worms, insects, and hemichordates
c. the general mechanisms of salt balance and metabolic wasteremoval in the kidney of a terrestrial vertebrate
d. a description of the special functions of the \"multipliereffect\" of mammalian kidneys and of the hormone ADH inregulating
salt and water balance

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3.9 Ratings (488 Votes)

Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the concentration of gradient of water across the membrane Diffusion is the transport of material across membranes and within cells Osmosis transports water only across amembraneOsmosis is a special case of diffusion Principle of diffusion is Molecules move around and will spread evenly throughout the medium In a hypotonic solution the extracellular fluid has a lower concentration of solutes than the fluid inside the cell and thus the water enters the cellThus placing an cell in hypotonic solution will lead to enter of water into the cell and cause lysis of the cell In hypertonic solutionthe extracellular fluid has a higher concentration of solutes than the cells cytoplasm thus water leaves the cell And causes cells to shrink up In isotonic solution both the ECF and cytoplasm will have the same concentration thus there will be no net change and when cell is paced in an isotonic solution the cell will be of its normal appearance a Paramecia are single celled protists that are found in See Answer

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