1. Define homeostasis. Who was the first person to describe thephenomenon? Who was the first person to coin the term Homeostasis.Explain the processes involved in returning your body temperatureto its 37°C set point during a run when your body temperature getsabove 37°C.

1. As you are sitting at your desk reviewing ANS 100 lecturesduring Spring 2020, you look out your window and notice a newspecies of animal. You remember reading about this new speciesCovidicus whoknowswhatitis on social media and that peopledon’t know much about it yet. So, like a good Animal Sciencestudent you go outside to take a closer look. You see that thereare lots of individuals of this species and they range in size fromabout 1g to 1000g. They are transparent and so you can see theirinternal organs (and you have superpowers, so you know the weightof everything you look at!). You notice that one individual is 10gand has a 1g liver, you then notice another individual that is 30gand has a 3 g liver. In this species, does liver size scaleallometrically or isometrically? Both animals turn around and nowyou see their kidneys. In the 10g species the kidney is 0.5g (yes,they have big kidneys) and in the 30g species the kidney is 1g. Inthis species, does the kidney scale allometrically orisometrically? Explain the difference between allometric andisometric scaling. Why do many physiological processes oranatomical structures scale allometrically?

1. You are taking a nice walk through the Arboretum to get somefresh air and you notice a salmon in Putah Creek. You decide thatyou must return this salmon to the ocean. When you reach into PutahCreek you notice how warm the water is (15°C). When you release thesalmon in the ocean at UC Davis’s Bodega Marine Lab the seawaterfeels quite cold (5°C). What is the body the temperature of thesalmon in Putah Creek and what is the body temperature of thesalmon in the ocean? You were able to take a blood sample andmeasure plasma chloride levels of the salmon when it was in PutahCreek and then again after you returned it to the ocean. Was theplasma chloride ion concentration higher in the salmon after youreturned it to the ocean because seawater has a higher chlorideconcentration? Lastly, would you classify the salmon as a conformeror a regulator or does it depend? Briefly describe youranswer.

1. You are an undergraduate honors student in my lab and you justcame home from doing field work in the Antarctic (water temperature-1.9°C) with frozen fish muscle tissue. You are interested inlearning more about adaptation to temperature so you also go toPutah Creek (water temperature = 15°C) and collect muscle tissuesfrom another salmon you find. You put both bags of fish tissue inthe freezer but forget to label them. What aspect of cellularphysiology could you examine to determine which species came fromwater at -1.9°C and which species came from water at 15°C? Whatspecifically would you look for to assign the fish tissues to onegroup or the other?

1. So, you go back to the Bodega Marine Lab after the shelter inplace order has been lifted (i.e. many weeks from now) and gofishing, because, who doesn’t like to fish! The water is still verycold (5°C), so you decide swimming is a bad idea. You catch thesame salmon you released from Putah Creek back in Question 3. Youeat it for dinner but also take a sample of its muscle. You run itthrough the same set of tests you did in Question 4. What do youfind and how does it compare to the salmon you caught in PutahCreek in Question 4?

1. We see beautiful Wilson warblers at Putah Creek during our fishcollection. Because we have the animal care permits, we need, wecollect these birds and hold them at the same two temperatures asthe salmon (i.e. 5°C and 15°C). Would we expect to see the samechanges as we saw in fish? Why or Why not?

1. Many different molecules need to pass in and out of a cellacross the cell membrane and from the outside of the body to theinside. Some of these molecules are hydrophobic and some arehydrophilic. Define these two terms and explain why they differ intheir ability to pass through cell membranes. What part of a cellmembrane makes it so tricky for some molecules to get through? Howdo these two types of molecules pass through cell membranes?