create simple cheat sheet dealing with op-amp circuits. fundamentals and explanation

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Electrical Engineering

create simple cheat sheet dealing with op-amp circuits.fundamentals and explanation

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ConfigurationsCharacteristicsComparatorCompares two voltages and switches its output to indicate whichvoltage is largerwhere is the supply voltage and the opamp is powered byand Inverting amplifierAn inverting amplifier uses negative feedback to invert andamplify a voltage The Rf resistor allows some of theoutput signal to be returned to the input Since the output is 180out of phase this amount is effectively subtracted from the inputthereby reducing the input into the operational amplifier Thisincreases the overall gain of the amplifier and is dubbed negativefeedback1because is a virtual groundA third resistor of value added between the noninverting input and ground while notnecessary minimizes errors due to input biascurrents2The gain of the amplifier is determined by the ratio ofRf to Rin That isNoninverting amplifierAmplifies a voltage multiplies by a constant greater than1Input impedance The input impedance is at least the impedance betweennoninverting and inverting inputs which is typically 1 M to 10T plus the impedance of the path from the inverting input toground in parallel with Because negative feedback ensures that the noninverting andinverting inputs match the input impedance is actuallymuch higherAlthough this circuit has a large input impedance it suffersfrom error of input bias currentThe noninverting and inverting inputs draw small leakagecurrents into the operational amplifierThese input currents generate voltages that act like unmodeledinput offsets These unmodeled effects can lead to noise on theoutput eg offsets or driftAssuming that the two leaking currents arematched their effect can be mitigated by ensuringthe DC impedance looking outof each input is thesameThe voltage produced by each bias current is equal to theproduct of the bias current with the equivalent DC impedancelooking out of each input Making those impedances equal makes theoffset voltage at each input equal and so the nonzero biascurrents will have no impact on the differencebetween the two inputsA resistor of valuewhich is the equivalent resistance of in parallel withbetween the See Answer

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