create a urinalysis lab with several samples. Please be sure to include the following: -Materials and...

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create a urinalysis lab with several samples. Please be sure toinclude the following: -Materials and methods -procedure -result-conclusion -data table

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Examination of urine is important for diagnosis and assistance in the diagnosis of various diseases Routine complete examination of urine is divided into four parts A Adequacy of specimen B Physicalgross examination C Chemical examination D Microscopic examination A ADEQUACY OF SPECIMEN The specimen should be properly collected in a clean container which should be properly labelled with name of the patient age and sex identity number with date and time of collection It should not show signs of contamination Specimen Collection For routine examination a clean glass tube is used for bacteriologic examination a sterilized tube or bottle is required A midstream sample is preferable ie first part of urine is discarded and midstream sample is collected For 24 hours sample collection of urine is started in the morning at 8 AM and subsequent samples are collected till next day 8 AM Methods of Preservation of Urine Urine should be examined fresh or within one hour of voiding But if it has to be delayed then following preservatives can be added to it which prevent its decomposition i Refrigeration at 4C ii Toluene Toluene is used 1 ml per 50 ml of urine It acts by forming a surface layer and it preserves the chemical constituents of urine B PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Physical examination of urine consists of volume colour odour reactionpH and specific gravity Volume Normally 7002500 ml average 1200 ml of urine is passed in 24 hours and most of it is passed during day time i Nocturia Nocturia means when urine is passed in excess of 500 ml during night This is a sign of early renal failure ii Polyuria Polyuria is when excess of urine is passed in 24 hours 2500 ml Polyuria can be physiological due to excess water intake may be seasonal eg in winter or can be pathological eg in diabetes insipidus diabetes mellitus iii Oliguria When less than 500 ml of urine is passed in 24 hours it is termed as oliguria It can be due to less intake of water dehydration renal ischaemia iv Anuria When there is almost complete suppression of urine 150 ml in 24 hours It can be due to renal stones tumours renal ischaemia Specific GravityThis is the ratio of weight of 1 ml volume of urine to that of See Answer

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