Compare and contrast protein import into the mitochondria and nucleus. Include the following terms in the...

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Biology

Compare and contrast protein import into the mitochondria andnucleus. Include the following terms in the way that shows youunderstand differences in the import mechanisms: (1) translocationmechanism, (2) signal sequences (whether the signal sequence iscleaved following import) and (3) state of protein folding (whetherthe proteins are in an unfolded or folded state during theimport).

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Matrixproteins must pass from cytosolic polyribosomes through the outerand inner mitochondrial membranes to reachtheir destination Passage through the two membranes is calledtranslocation They have an amino terminal leader sequencepresequence about 20 to 50 amino acids in length which is nothighly conserved but is amphipathic and contains many hydrophobicand positively charged amino acids eg Lys or Arg Thepresequence is equivalent to a signal peptide mediating attachmentof polyribosomes to membranes of the ER but in this instancetargeting proteins to the matrixTranslocation occursposttranslationally after the matrix proteins are released fromthe cytosolic polyribosomes Interactions with a number ofcytosolic proteins that act as chaperones and as targeting factorsoccur prior to See Answer

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