Compare and contrast hippocampus, amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex in the following aspects: a) Their neurocircuitries b) Their...

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Medical Sciences

Compare and contrast hippocampus, amygdala, and the prefrontalcortex in the following aspects:
a) Their neurocircuitries
b) Their associated behavior(s) and cognitive processes
c) How they adapt to environmental changes when the system ischallenged (e.g., stress), and
d) What neurological / psychiatric disorders can exhibit defectsin these systems?

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Hippocampus Amygdala Prefrontal cortex Neurocircuitries The major input to the hippocampus is through the entorhinal cortex EC whereas its major output is via CA1 to the subiculum Information reaches CA1 via two main pathways direct and indirect These are primarily from the septum and hypothalamus via the fornix and from the adjacent entorhinal cortex This cortical region receives input from diffuse areas of the neocortex especially the limbic cortex and from the amygdala The entorhinal cortex projects to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus via the perforant pathway synapsing on granule cells This requires activation of glutamate receptors and results in longterm changes in neuronal excitability by way of calcium mediated physiologic effects Outputs from the hippocampus pass primarily See Answer

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