Chapter 9: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

a) What are gray and white matter composed of in the CNS?

b) What are clusters of cell bodies called if they are locatedin the CNS? How about the PNS? What are bundles of axons called inthe CNS? How about the PNS?

c) What are the three meninges? Describe their functions andrelative locations.

d) What two fluids make up the extracellular environment in thebrain?

e) Describe where cerebrospinal fluid is produced, where itflows and where it is reabsorbed.

f) Describe what the blood-brain barrier is. How can it selectwhat passes and what does not? What freely passes across theblood-brain barrier? How does the blood-brain barrier affectclinical treatment of brain diseases?

g) Describe why diabetics who are hyperglycemic frequentlysuffer from hypoglycemic shock.

h) Describe the 6 main brain regions. Include their majorfunctions and any structures housed within them.

i.) Describe the highly organized structure AND function of thecortex (why is the brain furrowed?)

j) What are the limbic system and reticular formation?

k) What are the four diffuse modulating systems (refer to book)?How are they named/characterized? What happens when there aredeficiencies in communication within the system?

l) Describe the hypotheses for why we sleep. What are thebenefits of REM vs deep (stage 4) cycles of sleep?

m) Describe Process S and C, and how the balance between themboth drives sleep and wakefulness.

n) How is mood different than emotion?

o) What is one common cause for depression and give one examplefor how it can be clinically treated?