Chapter 12: The Endocrine System

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following statements is not true ofthe endocrine system?

a.
The organs of the endocrine system are widely dispersed in thebody.
b.
All organs in the endocrine system are glands.
c.
Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to bodycavities.
d.
Endocrine glands produce hormones.

2. Which of the following is not true of a nonsteroidhormone?

a.
It is carried through the blood to the target organ cell.
b.
Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.
c.
It requires a second messenger.
d.
All of the above are true of nonsteroid hormones.

3. Which of the following is true of a steroidhormone?

a.
Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.
b.
It requires a second messenger.
c.
It converts ATP into cyclic AMP.
d.
All of the above are true of steroid hormones.

4. Which of the following statements is not true ofprostaglandins?

a.
They can also be called tissue hormones.
b.
They function like nonsteroid hormones because they cause theproduction of cyclic AMP.
c.
They function like steroid hormones because they stimulate proteinsynthesis.
d.
They travel a much shorter distance than most hormones.

5. Which of the following is not true of luteinizinghormone?

a.
It is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
b.
Its target organ cells are in the ovaries.
c.
It stimulates ovulation.
d.
All of the above are true of luteinizing hormone.

6. ACTH

a.
causes the ovary to begin forming an egg follicle
b.
stimulates the production of adrenal cortex hormone
c.
stimulates the release of adrenaline
d.
has target organ cells in the thyroid gland

7. Acromegaly is caused by

a.
hypersecretion of ACTH
b.
hyposecretion of ACTH
c.
hypersecretion of growth hormone
d.
hyposecretion of growth hormone

8. Dwarfism can be caused by

a.
hypersecretion of ACTH
b.
hyposecretion of ACTH
c.
hypersecretion of growth hormone
d.
hyposecretion of growth hormone

9. Which of the following is not true of oxytocin?

a.
It is produced in the posterior pituitary gland.
b.
It causes the contractions of the uterus during labor.
c.
It is one of the few hormones that is regulated by a positivefeedback loop.
d.
It stimulates “milk letdown” in nursing mothers.

10. The hypothalamus

a.
is composed of a glandular portion and a nerve portion
b.
produces ADH
c.
releases ADH
d.
is located in the sella turcica

11. Thyroxine

a.
has fewer iodine atoms than triiodothyronine
b.
stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone
c.
has more target cells than ADH
d.
All of the above are true of thyroxine.

12. Calcitonin

a.
is released by the parathyroid gland
b.
prevents hypercalcemia
c.
increases the calcium level in the blood
d.
can cause Graves disease if it is hypersecreted

13. An inadequate intake of iodine in the diet can

a.
lead to hyperthyroidism
b.
cause Graves disease
c.
cause exophthalmos
d.
cause a goiter

14. Which of the following is true of parathyroidhormone?

a.
It is made in the thyroid gland.
b.
It decreases the amount of calcium in the blood.
c.
It increases the amount of calcium in the blood.
d.
It stimulates the formation of bone.

15. Which of the following is not true ofglucocorticoids?

a.
They are produced in the adrenal cortex.
b.
They help regulate the blood sodium and potassium level.
c.
They increase the amount of glucose in the blood throughgluconeogenesis.
d.
They have an antiallergy effect.

16. Which of the following is not true of the adrenalmedulla?

a.
It responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system.
b.
It helps produce the “fight-or-flight” response.
c.
It releases epinephrine.
d.
All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

17. Which of these is not a symptom of Cushingsyndrome?

a.
moon face
b.
buffalo hump
c.
virilization in women
d.
All of the above are symptoms of Cushing syndrome.

18. Which of the following statements is true?

a.
The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.
b.
Hypersecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.
c.
Insulin causes an increase in the blood sugar level.
d.
Glucagon and insulin are antagonists of each other.

19. Which of the following is not true of the thymusgland?

a.
It is located in the neck.
b.
It is composed of a cortex and a medulla.
c.
It produces thymosin.
d.
It is important in the body’s immune system.

20. Which of the following is not true of the pinealgland?

a.
It is located in the brain.
b.
It produces melatonin.
c.
It helps regulate the body’s “biological clock”.
d.
All of the above are true of the pineal gland.

21. Which of the following is not true of thepituitary gland?

a.
It is composed of two endocrine glands.
b.
Its posterior portion is called the adenohypophysis.
c.
It is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
d.
All of the above are true of the pituitary gland.

23. Which of the following is not true of the adrenalmedulla?

a.
It is the inner portion of the adrenal gland.
b.
It secretes epinephrine.
c.
It is the target organ for ACTH.
d.
All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

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