Case study: A 56-year man suffering from shortness of breath, bradycardia, dizziness and fatigue presents to...

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Case study: A 56-year man suffering from shortness of breath,bradycardia, dizziness and fatigue presents to his GP. He isalready on medication for hypertension, so she refers him to acardiologist for further investigations. The doctor orders anechocardiogram and a CT scan. The results of the tests reveal thatthe man has an abnormal aortic valve that is interfering with theheart function.
Define bradycardia and state two causes of this condition [3marks]
Describe the structure and function of the aortic valve andexplain the consequences of an incompetent valve. [7 marks].
The patient undergoes surgery toreplace the heart valve and is prescribed warfarin. He is releasedfrom hospital and while at home he is visited by a nurse whoadministers the warfarin. During the process, the man collapses andis taken back to hospital. He is diagnosed with a heart block, withatrial fibrillation.
Explain why warfarin is prescribed following valve replacementsurgery. [1 mark]
Explain what is meant by a heart block [3 marks].
Explain what is meant by atrial fibrillation. [2 marks]
Outlines 2 methods that can be used to treat atrialfibrillation [2 marks]
Briefly outline how a pacemaker works. [2 marks]

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Answers Define Bradycardia Bradycardia is a type of heart rhythm disorder with a resting heart rate of 60 beats per minute or less Causes Herat tissue damage related to aging infection of heart tissue myocarditis hypothyroidism Structure and functions of the aortic valve The aortic valve situated in the human heart between the left ventricle and the aorta The aortic valve has theree cusps The aortic valve is the last structure in the heart The thee cusps when the valve is closed contain a sinus called aortic sinus In two of these cusps the origin of the coronary arteries found The width of the sinus in crosssection is wider than the left ventricular outflow tract as well as wider than ascending aorta The junction of the sinus with the aorta is called the sinotubular junction The aortic valve is located posterior to the pulmonary valve and the commissure where the See Answer

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