Can someone explain the differences between thermophiles, mesophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, etc. and under what environmental conditions they...

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Biology

Can someone explain the differences between thermophiles,mesophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, etc. and under whatenvironmental conditions they would survive successfully?

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Microorganisms are sensitive to dramatic changes in their environments Extreme conditions of temperature pressure drought salinity and pH affect the folding and functioning of critical biomolecules that are required for cellular integrity However some types of organisms can survive in these environmental conditions by adapting their cellular machinery They are of different types based on their environment Adaptation to temperature 1 Thermophiles Thermophiles are microorganisms that have adapted to live in extremely hot environments for example Thermus thermophilus that grows in Hot Springs at Yellowstone Thermophiles can tolerate temperatures between 45800C They have mostly chemoautotrophic mode of nutrition Inorganic redox reactions act an energy source and utilize carbon dioxide as a carbon source chemolithotophic Natural environments of these bacteria are hot springs and volcanic regions in North America Iceland New Zealand Japan Italy and the former Soviet Union Thermophiles therefore are mostly anaerobes and can use hydrogen sulphide sulphur and ferrous iron as electron donors Some thermophiles are facultative heterotrophs and can utilize organic material provided by decaying cells while other thermophiles are microaerophile that require low amounts of oxygen Their enzymes function at higher temperature while the lipids are rich in saturated fatty acids to maintain membrane stability at high temperature There is See Answer

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