Briefly explain the differences in how information within the olfactory system and gustatory system are organized.

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Briefly explain the differences in how information within theolfactory system and gustatory system are organized.

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GUSTATORY SYSTEMMorphology of Taste Buds and Cell TypesTaste buds are located on papillae and distributed on thesurface of the tongue Taste buds are also found on the oral mucosaof the palate and epiglottis These pearshaped structures containabout 80 cells arranged around a central taste poreTaste receptor cells are spindle shaped modifiedneuroepithelial cells that extend from the base to the apex of thetaste buds Voltagegated channel proteins for Na K Ca2are present in the plasma membrane with the Kgated channelproteins located in larger numbers on the apical membrane of thetaste cells Synaptic vesicles are present near the apex and thebasal region in many taste cells Microvilli from each taste cellproject into the taste pore which communicate with the dissolvedsolutes on the surface of the tongue These receptor cells areinnervated by afferent nerve fibers penetrating the basal laminaThe nerve fibers branch extensively and receive synaptic input fromthe taste receptor cells A group of nonreceptor columnar cellsand basal cells are present within taste buds Thebasal cells migrate from adjacent lingual epithelium into the budsand differentiate into taste receptor cells which are replacedabout every 910 daysTransport of SolutesTaste solutes are transported to the taste pore and diffusethrough the fluid layer to make contact with membrane receptorproteins on the microvilli and apical membrane Taste sensitivityis dependent upon the concentration of the taste molecules as wellas their solubility in saliva Many bitter tasting hydrophobicsolutes interact with an odorant binding protein produced by vonEbners glands in the posterior region of the tongueSensory TransductionTaste sensation can be evoked by many diverse taste solutes Thepattern of membrane potential change include depolarizationdepolarization followed by hyperpolarization or onlyhyperpolarization Action potentials in the taste receptor cellslead to an increase Ca2 influx through voltagegated See Answer

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