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Birds have key adaptations that reduce body and power1. Birds (Aves) appeared in the Jurassic...

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Birds have key adaptations that reduce body and power1. Birds (Aves) appeared in the Jurassic period as descendants of carnivorous, bipedaldinosaurs. They are members of the archosaurs. Powered flight gave birds access to newadaptive zones, setting the stage for their astounding evolutionary success2. The skeletons of birds are both lightweight and strong. Most birds have adaptations,such as hollow limb bones with small supporting struts.The bones associated with3.4.Like the skeleton, soft internal organs are modified in ways that reduce weight. Most birdslack a urinary bladder; uric acid paste is eliminated with digestive wastes.5. All birds also possesswhich are sturdy, lightweight structuresderived from scales in the skin of their ancestors.are generally large. The forelimb andforefoot are elongated, forming the structural support for the wing. Not all birds are strongfliers, like ostriches.6.Other adaptations allow birds to harness the energy needed to power their flight muscles.Their metabolic rates are eight to ten times higher than those of reptiles. They have anefficient respiratory system and four-chambered heart to distribute oxygen.

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