Biology

1. What is the correct order (from small to large)?

1. cells, organelles, organ system, community, ecosystems
2. molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere
3. molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities
4. organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems
5. cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communities

1. All of the gray squirrels that inhabit an oak forest describesa/an:

1. ecosystem
2. biosphere
3. community
4. population
5. colony

1. An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8. How many electronsare in the first, second, and third electron shells,respectively?

1. 2, 3, 3
2. 2, 6, 0
3. 8, 0, 0
4. 0, 4, 4
5. none of the above

1. All lipids

1. are made from glycerol and fatty acids.
2. contain nitrogen.
3. have low energy content.
4. are acidic when mixed with water.
5. do not dissolve well in water.

1. Which is not a function of proteins?

1. help make up membranes
2. carry the code for translation from the nucleus
   to the ribosome
3. bind to hormones (hormone receptor)
4. can be hormones
5. speed chemical reactions

1. Which cellular structure is common to all three domains oflife?

1. nucleus
2. endoplasmic reticulum
3. mitochondria
4. phospholipid bilayer cell membrane
5. endocytotic vesicles

1. Which of the following best describes the structure of abiological membrane?

1. two layers of phospholipids with proteins embedded between thetwo layers
2. a mixture of covalently linked phospholipids and proteins thatdetermines which solutes can cross the membrane and whichcannot
3. two layers of phospholipids with proteins either spanning
   the layers or on the surface of the layers
4. a fluid structure in which phospholipids and proteins movefreely between sides of the membrane
5. two layers of phospholipids (with opposite orientations of thephospholipids in each layer) with each layer covered on the outsidewith proteins

1. Cells (e.g., bacteria) are taken up by other cells (e.g., animmune cell) by which of the following?

1. pinocytosis
2. exocytosis
3. receptor-mediated endocytosis
4. phagocytosis
5. facilitated diffusion

1. Cellular respiration can best be described as

1. using energy released from breaking high-energy covalent bondsin organic molecules to force ATP formation from ADP andphosphate.
2. taking electrons from food and giving them to
   phosphate to make ATP.
3. taking electrons from food and giving them to
   oxygen to make water and using the energy
   released to drive ATP formation.
4. converting higher-energy organic molecules to lower-energyorganic molecules and using the energy
   released to drive ATP formation.

1. Which of the following statements about glycolysis istrue?

1. It splits water.
2. It produces FADH₂.
3. It occurs in the cytoplasm.
4. It makes the most ATP
   compared to the two
   other steps.
5. It splits lipids.

1. How many chromosomes are in the middle cell?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 8

1. Although the chromosome begins M phase looking as shown below,when is it split?

1. prophase
2. prometaphase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
5. telophase

1. Which of the following transmits genes from both parents tochild, or from one generation of a family to another?

1. DNA
2. gametes
3. somatic cells
4. mitosis
5. nucleotides

1. Privet shrubs and humans each have a diploid number of 46chromosomes per cell. Why are the two species so dissimilar?

1. Privet chromosomes undergo only mitosis.
2. Privet chromosomes are shaped differently.
3. Human chromosomes have genes grouped
   together differently.
4. The two species have appreciably different
   genes.
5. Privets do not have sex chromosomes.

1. Crossing over begins to occur during

1. anaphase I
2. anaphase II
3. prophase I
4. metaphase II
5. telophase II

1. In this cell, what phase is represented?

1. mitotic metaphase
2. meiosis I anaphase
3. meiosis I metaphase
4. meiosis II anaphase
5. meiosis II metaphase

1. Pea plants were particularly well suited for use in Mendel’sbreeding experiments for all of the following reasons exceptthat

1. peas show easily observed variations in a number of characters,such as pea shape and flower color.
2. it is possible to control matings between different peaplants.
3. it is possible to obtain large numbers of progeny from anygiven cross.
4. peas have an unusually long generation time.
5. many of the observable characters that vary in pea plants arecontrolled by single genes.

1. A cross between homozygous purple-flowered and homozygouswhite-flowered pea plants results in offspring with purple flowers.This demonstrates

1. the blending model of genetics.
2. true breeding.
3. dominance.
4. a dihybrid cross.
5. the mistakes made by Mendel.

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