Biology Unit II Homework -Cancer and Genetics

Introduction

In order for organisms to grow, repair, maintain, and reproduce,cells undergo cell division. Sometimes, cells uncontrollablydivide, resulting in cancer. In the first part of the Cancer andCell Division Lab, you will learn about normal cell division andwill compare it to cell division that occurs in cancer cells. Youwill then visit a website to find out more information aboutcancer. You will learn why it occurs, why it kills, and newtreatments that are being tested and used to treat cancer.

Objectives

Explain the process of cancer, the effects on the human body,the various types, and the risk factors involved.

Explain various treatments for cancer.

Explain the various stages of mitosis.

Materials

No extra materials will be required to complete this lab otherthan internet service.

Directions

Go to the following website:http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_23/BL_23.html

Follow the steps under the PROCEDURE section.

Type all answers directly on the data sheet.

Select Save As, and save this document using your last name andstudent ID as the file name.

Upload the data sheet as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file when youare finished.

While viewing the video, answer the following questions. Total:8 points

Centrioles are duplicated during which stage of mitosis? (4points)

During which stage of mitosis are sister chromatids pulled toopposite ends of the cell? (4 points)

After viewing the video, click on the Information tab in thebottom right corner. Answer the following questions. Total: 12points

In which of the cancer types listed, are males not at risk ofdeveloping? (4 points)

Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for which type of cancerlisted? (2 points)

The risk for which type of cancer increases after the age of 55?(4 points)

Continue following the directions under the PROCEDURE section,and complete the following table. Total: 40 points

	Interphase	Prophase	Metaphase	Anaphase	Telophase	% of Cells Dividing	% of Cells at rest
Normal Lungs
Cancerous Lungs
Normal Stomach
Cancerous Stomach
Normal Ovary
Cancerous Ovary

Continue following the directions under the PROCEDURES sectionand answer the following questions. Total: 12 points

Based on your data and observations, what are some of thedifferences between normal cells and cancer cells? (4 points)

Which type of cancer shows the most aggressive growth? Explainyour answer. (4 points)

When studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists oftencalculate a mitotic index, which is the ratio of dividing cells tothe total number of cells in the sample. Scientists often calculatethe mitotic index to compare the growth rates of different types oftissue. Which type of tissue would have a higher mitotic index,normal tissue or cancerous tissue? Explain. (4 points)

Go to: http://www.cancer.org/

Click Cancer A-Z. At the page that follows there will be linksto more information on breast cancer, colon and rectal cancer, lungcancer, prostate cancer and skin cancer. Review the information foreach these cancers. Next, write an essay that discusses either yourown risk factors for each type of cancer and steps you might taketo decrease those risk factors. As always, you do not have todisclose any actual personal information if you do not wish to. Youmay create a fictional character and discuss his or her riskfactors instead. (30 points)

Your response should be at least 100 words in length.