Biofilms are important characteristics of some bacteria. What are the stages for biofilms formation? Explain the...

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Biology

Biofilms are important characteristics of some bacteria. Whatare the stages for biofilms formation? Explain the importance ofbiofilms in the survival of such microorganisms in certainenvironments.
Why are infections caused by eukaryotic parasites harder totreat than those caused by prokaryotes? Explain and give examples.What is the most effective method to treat infections with Cestodes(tape-worms)?Â Â why?
If a new bacterial species has been discovered, what are thesteps that the researchers would have gone through to confirm itsidentity?
Plasmids are genetic elements found in bacterial cells. Whatare their main characteristics? Discuss the role of plasmids inbacterial infections and survival.
5. Some bacterial enzymes are essential for virulence. Explainthe stages needed to establish microbial infections. Classifybacterial toxins. Provide two examples and describe their mechanismof action on mammalian cells.

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Biofilm formation steps 1bacterial attachment to a surface2 Microcolony formation 3Biofilm maturation 4Detachmentdispersal of bacteria which may colonize in newareaImportance of Biofilm Microorganism attach to surfaces anddevelop biofilmEach microorganism surviving under extremecondition exhibits its specific resistance towards unfavorablesituationAggregate microbial cells See Answer

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