BIO 474 Mid Term Review
1) Describe attributes of the active transport of ions and,specifically, characteristics of the electrogenic Na - K pump. Howdoes active transport maintain homeostasis?
2) Describe the ionic basis of the resting potential and brieflyoutline the derivation of the Nernst potential. What are typicalNernst potentials for K+, Na+, Cl-, and Ca++? What influences mightthese potentials have on ionic currents in neurons?
3) Describe the voltage-clamp, how it is used to investigatevoltage-dependent phenomena like the action potential. What are themembrane mechanisms (citing evidence) underlying the various\"magical\" properties fo the action potential?
4) Describe the unitary signal-channel events that can berecorded with patch-clamp electrodes. Name techniques for recordingcurrents from single ion channels? How are those events related tomembrane proteins (e.g. associated with the action potential) andto the large net currents recorded in standard voltage - clamprecords?
5) Describe the evidence for quantal release of neurotransmitterat the neuromuscular junction, including those involvingcalculations of number molecules released.
6) Describe the following synaptic phenomena: adaptation,desensitization, facilitation, Post-tetanic potentiation,Neuromodulation. Describe the following modes of neuralintegration: spatial and temporal summation,convergence/divergence, feedback inhibition and excitation,reciprocal inhibition, and serial/parallel processing.
7) Draw and describe a cellular model for associative learningin some molecular detail. List 6 ways neurons can change PRE -synaptic and/or Post - synaptic actions/responses.
