Barbara Joley was in -a major car accident. When EMS managed tofree her from the wreckage, she was cyanotic and apneic (notbreathing). Her heart was still beating, but her pulse was fast andthready. The emergency medical technician reported that whenBarbara was found, her head was cocked at a peculiar angle and itlooked like she had a fracture at the level of the C2 vertebra. Thefollowing questions refer to these observation

1.What is pneumothorax and why would it cause the right Lung tocollapse? Why hasn't the left Lung collapsed?

2.Barbara's cyanosis can best be explained by which of thefollowing?

a. Trauma has caused bleeding under the skin, and theaccumulated blood is turning black and blue.

b. Her lungs must be damaged, and as a result, the right side ofher heart is sending blood to the body instead of the lungs.

c. The level of C02 in her blood has increased because herbreathing has stopped.

d. The level of O2 in her blood has decreased because herbreathing has stopped.

3. How do Barbara's recorded injuries relate to thepneumothorax?

a. The pain from her broken ribs is causing her to decreasebreathing, so the right Jung is not inflating.

b. Barbara's fractured ribs probably punctured her Jung tissueand allowed air within the Jung to enter the pleural cavity.

c. When the level of 0 2 in the blood decreases, a negativefeedback loop involving the central chemoreceptors causes Junginflation to decrease as well.

d. Her traumatic injury has caused her peripheral chemoreceptorsto stop working, so they are not causing her to increaseventilation.

4.The physician inserts a chest tube into the right intrapleuralcavity and hooks it up to suction. How might this alleviate thepneumothorax?