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  3. (b) answer the following in relation to flow throu

(b) Answer the following in relation to flow through orifices. (i) Explain why the coefficient of...

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Civil Engineering

(b) Answer the following in relation to flow through orifices.(i) Explain why the coefficient of contraction is included in thedischarge equation for flow through a small orifice. [3 marks] (ii)If a small orifice meter with a diameter of 0.016 m discharges flowat a rate of 6 x 10-4 m3 /s under a head of 1.6 m, what is thevalue of the discharge coefficient? [2 marks] (iii) Explain thehydraulic difference between a small orifice and a large orifice.[2 marks] (c) A 55m long dam wall holds back water that is 175mdeep. Calculate: (i) The hydrostatic force exerted by water on thedam. [1.5 marks] (ii) The overturning moment generated about thedam base. [1.5 marks] (d) A block of an unknown material weighs 9.5N in air and 8.9 N when submerged in water. What is the density ofthe material? [5 marks]

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