Auks, such as Razorbills and Murres, are birds that breed in thecold latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Auks tend to have aplumage that exhibit “countershading”, being dark on the top(dorsal) and white on the bottom (ventral). We find this colorpattern repeated in many other organisms on Earth, such as sharks,zebras, and other birds. Physically, Auks have short rounded wingsthat they are able to use as flippers when pursuing preyunderwater, they are “pursuit divers”. Most species of auk are alsoable to fly, but the largest species, the Great Auk, wasflightless. Auks are related to gulls (order Charadriiformes). Inthe colder latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere we find Penguins.Penguins share many of the physical and behavioral characteristicsthat Auks possess, such as counter-shading, short, flipper-likewings used in pursuit diving. Penguin species tend to be largerthan auks, and none are able to fly. Penguins are related topetrels (Order Procellariiformes). Considering other orders ofbirds, note that flightlessness is strongly associated with largebody size (Ostriches, Kiwis, Dodos). Discuss why organisms, such asauks and penguins, that are unrelated and occupy completelydifferent ranges on the planet, can be so similar in structure andbehavior.