Ask ten people who believe themselves knowledgeable about critical thinking for a definition, and you will...

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Ask ten people who believe themselves knowledgeable aboutcritical thinking for a definition, and you will most likelyreceive ten differing responses.
Browne and Keeley (1986) refer to critical thinking asfiltering, separating the relevant from the irrelevant. Chaffee(1985) says that critical thinking is "making sense of our world bycarefully examining our thinking and the thinking of others inorder to clarify and improve our understanding@ (p.49). Others(Missimer, 1990; Kahane, 1992; Beardsley, 1975; Freeman, 1993)define critical thinking much more technically: understandingargument, recognizing fallacies, distinguishing premises fromconclusions, and isolating salient issues from non-relevantinformation.
Brookfield (1987), long considered an "expert" on criticalthinking, contends that critical thinking is a process. Althoughhis definition includes emotional as well as rational components,and clearly acknowledges the importance of culture and context, itcontains the following common characteristics:
Identifying and challenging assumptions.
Challenging the importance of context.
Trying to imagine and explore alternatives.
Reflective Skepticism.
Brookfield (1987) defines reflective skepticism as the act ofconstantly questioning the status quo. Just because something hasbeen believed for years does not necessarily mean that it is true.Just because something has been done a certain way for years doesnot mean it is the only or best way to do it. Furthermore, justbecause someone of perceived importance says something is right,that does not prove that it is right. I like to call this the"maybe--maybe not" life stance.
Post your response to the following discussionquestion. There are many definitions for critical thinkingand your readings introduce you to various concepts. However, whatdo you think it means to think critically?
Limit your response to 150 to 300 words,demonstrate understanding of and cite the required readings orother credible sources that you apply, and look for opportunitiesto engage with and learn from others.

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critical thinking to assess students critical thinking skillsto present the most successful CL structures that can beused to develop critical thinking The research methodology the present study refers to thefollowing methodological attitudes Humanistic philosophy and theory of personality based on a principal that a human being is unique andintegral This theory emphasises the development ofindividuals natural abilities Cognitive theory related to a constructivism principalie teaching is understood as an active process Its purpose is not only to give and receive information but also to stimulate students thinking and activity The research methods the analysis of scientific literaturequestionnaire observation statistical and comparative analysis Theoretical Background The roots of critical thinking are as ancient as its etymologytracing to the times of Socrates who paved the way for thetradition of critical thinkingCritical thinking as a specific area of study goes back atleast to 1941 with Edward Glasers An Experiment in theDevelopment of Critical ThinkingThe development of thinking was strongly influenced by thework of certain leading individuals as Benjamin BloomFollowing the 1948 Convention of the American PsychologicalAssociation Benjamin Bloom took a lead in formulating aclassification of the goals of the educational process Bloomheaded a group of educational psychologists who developed aclassification of levels of intellectual behaviour important inlearning This became a taxonomy including three overlappingdomains the cognitive psychomotor and affective BloomKrathwhol 1956 Anderson Krathwohl 2001The work of Bloom and others on taxonomies wasextremely significant as it was the first attempt to classifylearning behaviours and provide concrete measures foridentifying different levels of learning The developmentof taxonomies is closely related to the use of instructionalobjectives and the systematic design of instructional programmesMany definitions are cognitively correlated to Bloomstaxonomy the assumption being that critical thinking isinherent in the higherlevel thinking skills of analysis andsynthesis Bloom categorised thinking into the followingsix processes Knowledge to know means to have a fact or informationat ones disposal Comprehension to comprehend a fact or a piece ofinformation is to understand what it means Application to apply information means to find some practical use for it Analysis to analyse means to break information downinto parts and see how these parts work together Synthesis to synthesise means to take the knowledge onehas and connect it with other knowledge Evaluation to evaluate means to be able to judge ifinformation is good or bad sound or unsoundDespite the fact that Blooms taxonomy has not held up wellin empirical testing and is being discarded by many educatorsTucker 1996 many researchers use an approach based onhis works Blooms model was taken into account whileorganising the present classroom researchBrowne and Keeley 1986 refer to critical thinking asfiltering separating the relevant from the irrelevantChaffee 1985 says that critical See Answer

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