Amniocentesis Phenylketonuria Turner's syndrome Pleiotropy Sex cells | Hemophilia separate Sickle cell anemia Protein Huntington's disease | Genetic markers Chorionic villi sampling Meiosis Down's syndrome Klinefelter's syndrome |
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1. Nondisjunction happens when chromosomes do not _________equally during the process of _______. This causes an extrachromosome or missing chromosome in the resulting _________. When asex cell with an extra or missing a chromosome joins with a'normal' sex cell - a zygote with either an extra chromosome or amissing chromosome is produced. Many times this will cause amiscarriage, but some conditions can develop because ofnondisjunction. ________
is the result of an extra #21 chromosome and can cause somehealth problems and developmental delays.
XXX is called triple X and is usually nonsymptomatic. XXY is_______ and this person would be a male with some secondary femalecharacteristics.
XO is ______________and is a female that may remain small andhave little secondary sexual development.
2. __________is autosomal recessive - a recessive allele isreceived from each parent. In this disorder, stress causes the redblood cells to 'sickle' causing numerous problems in the body.Fatigue, anemia, enlarged spleen, arthritis, problems in severalorgans/systems. Sickle cell anemia is a good example of theinheritance pattern called __________.
___________(PKU) is autosomal recessive - must receive recessiveallele from both parents. PKU can cause brain damage and learningdisabilities if not treated with a special diet low in_________.
________.  is autosomal dominant. Any person that hasthis disease will have a parent that has had it as well. It is aprogressive degenerative disease.The previous diseases are equallycommon in males and females.
________ is sex-linked recessive (it is on the X chromosome) andis more common in boys than girls. It is a bleeding disorder causedby the inability of the blood to clot properly.
3. There are two tests that can be used to identify a number ofgenetic disorders that can be identified by chromosomal numbers orabnormalities. ___________ can also be tested for to locatespecific faulty genes, and the amniotic fluid can be analyzed tolook for metabolic problems.
_________ is the test that has been available longer and has alower risk of miscarriage. A long needle is inserted into thewoman's uterus and some fluid is withdrawn. This test can be doneduring a window of time after the 15th week.
________ is very similar although it can be less invasive, ifthe needle is inserted through the v a g i n a rather than theuterine wall. CVS does have a higher risk of miscarriage, but itcan be done much earlier - between the 10th and 12th week.
