After returning to the recovery room the valve starts to leak and the blood pressure starts...

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After returning to the recovery room the valve starts to leakand the blood pressure starts to fall, a patient who was sentopen-heart surgery for a replacement of an aortic valve. After thepersonal starts to infuse norepinephrine to increase the bloodpressure, the renal function of the patient starts to decline.
1. What are the mechanisms by which norepinephrine might lowerthe glomerular filtration rate? Be sure to focus on renal plasmaflow and Glomerular Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure.
2. The personal is concerned by his lowered glomerularfiltration rate. The elect to try a new treatment, the infusion ofatrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). What might be the mechanism bywhich this would increase GFR?

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1 Norepinephrine is very effective in raising arterial blood pressure and under almost all circumstances can be titrated to achieve the desired MAP in a given patient However since noradrenaline induces vasoconstriction via adrenergic stimulation it may also decrease organ blood flow if regional vascular beds constrict in excess In such a scenario intraorgan vascular resistance would increase proportionately more than perfusion pressure and overall blood flow would decrease particularly for the kidney The kidneys are innervated by the sympathetic neurons of the autonomic nervous See Answer

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