After3 months ofendurance training John (who you may remember from Applied Essay 3is not very fit; initialVO2max of 35.0mL·kg-1·min-1) couldnot believe how much further he could run without having to stop.Initially he could barely get around the track once…now he can run12 laps of thetrack (3 miles) at apace he could barely maintain for 1 lap a few months earlier.Although the training likely increased his VO2max (much ofwhich is explained by central adaptationstaking place within his cardiovascular system such as increasedstroke volume, etc.) whatother perhapsperipheral adaptationshave occurred that allow him to operate at a much higher intensityfor much longer periods of time?

Not only didJohn start running but he also started performing a structuredresistance training program on hisupper body (mainly the bench press). Johninitially experienced large increases in his upper bodystrength virtuallyevery time he went to the gym andwas overjoyed. However, after 2 months his strength gains began tolevel out and John became a bit demoralized. He was gettingstronger, but at a much, muchslower rate.What is the explanation for John’s early strength gains and whathas to happen in the longer-term for John to now keep gettingstronger? Compare and contrast these two timeperiods...whatcauses strength gains in the short-term compared to thelong-term? If hecontinues training long enough will John experience hypertrophy,hyperplasia, or both? Make sure to define these terms.