a. What are the steps/characteristics of lysosome centered protein degradation? Discuss any specificities and give an...

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a. What are the steps/characteristics of lysosome centeredprotein degradation? Discuss any specificities and give an exampleof at least one protein which is cleared via the lysosomaldegradation.

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b. What are the steps in the proteasome centered proteindegradation via ubiquitination? Include the labeling with ubiquitinand the steps in proteasome and post proteasome processing. Discussany specificities and give an example of at least one protein whichis degraded via ubiquitination and the proteasome.

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iv) Protein degradation may also be a way of regulating enzymeactivities. What is an example of regulation of a key enzyme of apathway where a product or effector regulates enzyme activity byincreasing or decreasing the rate of degradation of the enzymeprotein?

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a Lysosomal degradation of proteins In eukaryotic cells one of the major pathways of protein degradation is uptake of proteins by lysosomes This pathway is mainly targeted towards extracellular proteins membrane proteins taken up by endocytosis and is quite selective for cytosolic proteins and organelles Lysosomes are membrane enclosed organelles with a multitude of hydrolytic enzymes like proteases around 40 different types which break down waste products fats carbohydrates and are recycled to the cytoplasm such that they can be used as building blocks for macromolecules Lysosomes are found in most mammalian cells except RBCs In order to be degraded by the lysosome the target protein needs to be first taken up by the lysosome which is achieved by any one of the following process endocytosis microautophagy macroautophagy or chaperonemediated autophagy In endocytosis the cell takes in materials to be degraded from the external environment and subsequently fuses with the plasma membrane See Answer

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