A tuberculin skin test involves injection of a purified TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) antigenic protein under the...

80.2K

Verified Solution

Question

Biology

A tuberculin skin test involves injection of a purified TB(Mycobacterium tuberculosis) antigenic protein under the skin. Apositive skin test is a local swelling and redness at the siteafter 48 to 72 hours.
(a) What cell type is responsible for this reaction?
(b) Why do people who have been vaccinated with BCG (attenuatedbovine tuberculosis bacterium) sometimes have a positive skin testeven if they do not have active tuberculosis?
Rapamycin (sirolimus, Rapamune) is a common anti-rejection druggiven to organ transplant patients, usually for the rest of theirlives after transplant.
(a) What is the target of rapamycin on cells of the immunesystem and what cells are affected?
(b) Why does this effect cause immunosuppression?
(c) Why does the drug have to be given for the lifetime of thepatient?
Studies have been done on the use of anti-CD40 ligand antibodyruplizumab (trade name Antova) in the autoimmune disease systemiclupus erythematosis (SLE, Lupus). Lupus is characterized by B cellsmaking anti-DNA autoantibodies.
(a) According to the naming conventions, what does the name ofthis drug tell you about its structure? (b) What type of immunecells would it bind to?
(c) Why do you think that it was tried in the treatment oflupus?

Answer & Explanation Solved by verified expert

3.7 Ratings (468 Votes)

a Tcells sensitized by prior infection are recruited to the skin site where they release lymphokines These lymphokines induce induration through local vasodilatation edema fibrin deposition and recruitment of other inflammatory cells to the area bIf you were vaccinated with BCG you may have a positive reaction to a TB skin test This reaction may be due to infection with the TB bacteria However in some people BCG may cause a positive skin test when they are not infected with TB bacteria A positive reaction is more likely to mean you have been infected with TB bacteria if You recently spent time with a person who has TB disease or You are from an area of the world where TB disease is very common such as most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean Africa Asia Eastern Europe and Russia or You spend time where TB disease is common homeless shelters migrant farm camps drugtreatment centers health care clinics jails prisons Unlike the TB skin test TB blood tests are not affected by prior BCG vaccination The TB blood tests are less likely to give a falsepositive result in people who have received BCG Rapamycin aThe mechanistic previously referred to as mammalian Target Of Rapamycin mTOR is a serinethreonine protein kinase that is inhibited by rapamycin a compound produced by bacteria originally isolated from the soil of Easter Island that inhibits the proliferation of eukaryotic cells The mTOR protein kinase is found in two discrete complexes mTOR complex 1 mTORC1 and mTORC2 each of See Answer

Get Answers to Unlimited Questions

Join us to gain access to millions of questions and expert answers. Enjoy exclusive benefits tailored just for you!

Membership Benefits:

Unlimited Question Access with detailed Answers
Zin AI - 3 Million Words
10 Dall-E 3 Images
20 Plot Generations
Conversation with Dialogue Memory
No Ads, Ever!
Access to Our Best AI Platform: Flex AI - Your personal assistant for all your inquiries!

Become a Member