A researcher would like to evaluate the effectiveness of apain-relief patch designed for lower back pain. Prior to testingthe patch, each of n = 4 patients rates the current levelof back pain on a scale from 1 to 8. After wearing the patch for 90minutes, a second pain rating is recorded. The data are asfollows.

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                                              Before       After

                                        __________________

                  G =36                6          2

                 G² =784              6          2

               ΣX² =192              4          4

                                             8          4

                                       ______________________

                                          T = 24   T = 12

                                        SS = 8    SS = 4

Perform an ANOVA and then analyze the data with at-test. Use the .05 level of significance for both.