A _________________ is an important characteristic related tothe response variable which, when unaccounted for, may leadresearchers to false conclusions about cause and effect.

Question 2 options:

	A) Confounder
	B) Placebo
	C) Bias
	D) Paradox
	E) Confidence Interval

In a double-blind experiment conducted to study theeffectiveness of a new drug to relieve the common cold, aparticipant was given a sugar pill. After taking the pill, shefinds she can breathe more easily, and her condition substantiallyimproved. Which of the following describes this phenomenon?

Question 4 options:

	A) Simpson’s Paradox
	B) Equivalence Principle
	C) Placebo Effect
	D) Selection Bias
	E) Confounding

Question 5 (1 point)

Statistics can be an ‘art’ as different statisticians may usedifferent methods of analysis in answering questions pertaining toa study.

Question 5 options:

	A) True
	B) False

Question 6 (1 point)

Researchers want to test a new type of surgical procedure.Individuals are randomly placed in one of two groups. Tenindividuals receive the new surgery, while the other 10 individualsreceive the old surgery as a control. The participants do not knowwhich surgical procedure they receive. Researchers are aware ofwhich individuals are placed in each group. Which of the followingcharacteristics of a controlled experiment has not beensatisfied?

Question 6 options:

	A) Comparison of treatment and control groups
	B) Randomization
	C) Blinding
	D) Double-blinding
	E) Selection bias

Question 7 (1 point)

Which of the following would not necessarily be considered oneof the four principles of good practice in a controlledexperiment?

Question 7 options:

	A) Make a comparison (treatment and control group)
	B) Randomize the group membership of the subjects
	C) Make sure to pull equally from younger and olderindividuals
	D) Make the experiment blind
	E) Make the experiment double-blind