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  3. a groundwater contains the following constituents

A groundwater contains the following constituents to be treated by the lime-soda process to the minimum...

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Civil Engineering

A groundwater contains the following constituents to be treatedby the lime-soda process to the minimum hardness possible has thefollowing characteristics:

CO2 = 62.0 mg/L HCO3- = 250.0 mg/L as CaCO3

Ca2+ = 80.00 mg/L Cl- = 35 mg/L

Mg2+ = 36.6 mg/L SO42- = 96.0 mg/L

Na+ = 23.0 mg/L

The facility is to treat 50 x 106 L/day of water from thissource using lime-soda ash to reduce the hardness.

a) Determine the total hardness, carbonate hardness, andnon-carbonate hardness in mg/L as CaCO3.

b) Determine the lime and soda-ash dosages for softening (unitsof kg/day). Assume that the lime is 90 percent CaO by weight andthe soda ash is pure sodium carbonate.

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