A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a maliciousattempt to disrupt normal traffic of a targeted server, service ornetwork by overwhelming the target or its surroundinginfrastructure with a flood of Internet traffic.

DDoS attacks achieve effectiveness by utilizing multiplecompromised computer systems as sources of attack traffic.Exploited machines can include computers and other networkedresources such as IoT devices.

From a high level, a DDoS attack is like a traffic jam cloggingup with highway, preventing regular traffic from arriving at itsdesired destination.

TDoS is a form of Denial of Service (DoS) that affectsenterprise, government, and other business voice systems. It is asignificant threat to voice systems and by far the most common formof voice-based DoS. The reason for this is that the Public SwitchedTelephone Network (PSTN) is no longer a closed network. It heavilyuses Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and increasingly connectsto the Internet through the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).TDoSis a flood of malicious inbound calls that target public-safetyresponse systems such as 911.

A PDOS is a cyber-crime in which an individual deliberatelyprevents the access of another individual or small group to onlineservices such as email or banking.

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