A 43-year-old woman presented to her family physician with atwo-year history of fatigue, diarrhea, and constant dull abdominaldiscomfort. Stools were described as normal in frequency andintermittently loose in consistency. The patient, a marinebiologist with an extensive travel history, noticed that hersymptoms began after a busy year of fieldwork in Iceland, Denmark,and the Arctic, during which she began regularly consuming rawsushi and sashimi. Serum vitamin B12 was 157 pmol/ L, compared to alevel of 435 pmol/ L two years ago.

Questions:

12.Which organism can cause this type of disease onset? Describehow a person may be infected by this organism?

13.Explain how the decrease of Vitamin B12 is relatedhistologically.

14.How is the vitamin B12 deficiency and macrocytosisrelated?

A 62-year-old alcoholic presents to the emergency room with 8hours of severe abdominal pain and vomiting. Physical examinationdiscloses exquisite abdominal tenderness. Serum levels of amylaseand lipase are elevated.

QUESTIONS:

These laboratory data indicate that this patient has sufferedinjury to which of the following internalorgans?       

.What would be the likely diagnosis of the patient?

The organ being describe function as both an exocrine andendocrine gland. The endocrine function is located in clustersfound within the organ and is called as what?