A 26 year old athlete is in thelaboratory for a sports examination. He is training for a marathonand appears to be in good health overall. A screening midstreamcatch urinalysis is performed . Results revealed the following:

Color	Bright yellow	Glucose	Negative	Urobilinogen	0.2 mg/dL
Appearance	Hazy	Proteins	1+	Blood	Negative
Specific gravity	1.027	Ketones	Negative	Nitrite	Negative
pH	5.0	Bilirubin	Negative	Leukocyte Esterase	Negative

Microscopic Examination:

Squamous epithelial cells: Rare

Red blood cells (RBCs): 0-2/hpf

White blood cells (WBCs):0-2/hpf
Bacteria: None seen
Hyaline casts: 0-1 /lpf

Crystals: None seen

Questions:

1. If you are the Medical Lab Technologist how do youinform/instruct the patient the proper way of collecting MidstreamCatch urine sample?

1. In observing for the appearance or clarity/transparency ofurine what is the most important procedure before you describe theappearance?

1. What is the importance or significance of determining thefollowing tests:

1. specific gravity of urine
2. leukocyte esterase
3. ketones

1. What is the possible cause of his bright yellow urine?

1. Is the presence of hyaline cast significant ?   Yesor No.    Support your answer.

1. If hemoglobin is present in the urine , how can youdifferentiate it from myoglobin? ?

1. What are the causes of false negative Nitrite tests?

1. What are the possible changes in chemical analytes that mayoccur when the athlete’s urine is not preserved after having stoodat room temperature for 6 hours? ( List all changes)